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G. A. SAWIN. HEATING APPARATUS.

Patented Aug. 6, 1889.

(No Model.)

IZI%I%I% Z N. PETERS, Phom-Lhhographur. Washington. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES A. SAVVIN, OF IVALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TOI-IERSCIIEI. A. BACON, OF SAME PLACE.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 408,263, dated August6, 1889. Application filed February 26, 1889. Serial No. 301,194. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. SAWIN, of VValtham, in the county ofMiddlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Steam or IIot-IVater Heating Apparatus, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to systems of steam or hot-water heating; and ithas for its object to provide improved means for heating thereturn-water in its passage from the radiators to the heating receptacleor receptacles.

The invention consists in the improvements which I will 110w proceed todescribe and claim.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the furnace, water-reservoir,and connecting-pipes. Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section along linem of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 represent details of the piping shown in Fig.1.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all thefigures.

The drawings show the improvements applied to a systemgof steam heating,and I shall fully describe its operation in connection with such asystem, for it is evident that no essential or important changes wouldbe necessary to adapt the same to a system of hot-water heating.

In the drawings, A represents the combustion-chamber or fire-box of asteam-heating apparatus, and B the steam receptacle or dome, (which in awater-heatin g system would be a water-receptacle.)

D represents the door through which fuel is introduced into the fire-boxA upon the fire-grate E. Directly connected with the reservoir B andsurrounding the firebox A is the water-leg F, and between the saidwater-leg and the outen jacket C is the hollow cylindrical chamber G,through which the products of combustion pass from the firebox to thechimney,

Connected with the upper part of the reservoirB is the feed-pipe II forconducting steam from the chamber to the radiators, and I represents thereturn-pipe which returns the water condensed in the radiators from thesteam to the heating apparatus. J is the bl0w-0ff pipe.

The features thus far described are common in steam-heating apparatus.

In carrying out my invention I provide a water-heating conduit ofimproved construc tion, which I will now proceed to describe. Saidconduit is located in the firebox and connected to the return-pipe atits lower portion and to the dome or reservoir B at its upper portion,the return-water being conducted by the conduit from the return-pipethrough the fire-box. The conduit is composed of a system of pipes, eachof which is of such small diameter that it cannot contain asufficientbulk of cold or comparatively cold Water to absorb enough heatfrom the fuel lying against it to deaden the combustion of such fuel.tal pipes 2, which are closed at their outer ends and are secured attheir inner ends to couplings 3, and short vertical pipes 4, connectingsaid couplings and the horizontal pipes supported thereby in a verticalseries, the vertical pipes being connected to the couplings byscrew-threads, or in any other suitable way which will permit thecouplings and the horizontal pipes thereon to be turned and extendhorizontally across the fire-box in any desired direction, so that thehorizontal pipes may be parallel or set at any desired angles relativelyto each other. In some cases it is desirable to have each pair ofhorizontal pipes at right angles with the next pair. In other cases itmay be better to arrange the Said pipes comprise a series ofhorizonhorizontal pipes like the treads of spiral stairs, and in stillother cases it may be preferable to make the horizontal pipes parallelor in line with each other vertically. The horizontal pipes aresubdivided by horizontal partitions or diaphragms 5, which extend nearlyto the outer ends of the pipes and through the horizontal portions ofthe couplings connecting said pipes, said diaphragms being separatedfrom the closed outer ends of 5 the horizontal pipes by spaces whichpermit water to flow around the outer ends of the diaphragms. It will beseen, therefore, that the water entering the horizontal pipes2 throughthe vertical pipes 4 is subdivided and passes outwardly in thehorizontal pipes under the diaphragms or partitions thereof, and aroundthe outer ends of said partitions, and then inwardly over saidpartitions to coupling 3 and to the next vertical pipe 4, as shown bythe arrows in Fig. 1.

The conduit is located so that a considerable portion of it is in thefuel-space of the fire-box, such portion being embedded in the burningfuel. In case the conduit is continued above the fuel-space it should beconnected with the portion in said space by elbows 7 and pipes 8,constituting an offset conduit, avoiding the door D, the vertical pipes4t and horizontal pipes 2 of the conduit at the upperportion of thecombustion-chamber being connected to said offset conduit if desired.

It will be observed that the described construction enables the conduitto be adjusted or fitted to fireboxes of various sizes and shapes and ofvarious kinds or construction. and to conduct small streams of waterthrough the fire-box, said streams being so small that the fuel incontact with the conduit will not be deadened, while the conduit is soextended through the firebox as to subj ect the water to a large extentof heated surface.

I do not limit myself to the connection of the upper portion of theconduit to the lower portion thereof. If desired, the upper portion ofthe conduit may be connected by a horizontal pipe 9 with the water-legF, in which case the offset conduit should be connected with the dome orreceptacle B by a vertical pipe 10, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The last-described arrangement will be effective in causing acirculation of water in small streams through the upper portion of thefire-box, although said water will pass from the water-leg into theconduit instead of passing from the return-pipe. The lower portion ofthe conduit is preferably connected with the return-pipe, although I donot limit myself to this connection and may connect the conduit onlywith the water-leg or only with the dome or receptacle I3. If desired,the return-pipe may be connected with the water-leg by a branch 12, asindicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, so that a part of the return-waterwill enter the water-leg.

The conduit may be used with a singlepipe system or with a two-pipesystem.

To utilize the heat in the hollow cylindrical chamber G, I may providereturn-pipes t', as shown in Fig. 1, and more particularly in Fig. 3,consisting of a pipe 1', extending downwardly from the lower part of thesteamdome into the chamber G and upwardly from said chamber into theupper part of the steam-dome. These return circulating-pipes may be oneor as many as the chamber G will accommodate. with one of the pipes 21Instead of pipes, as 2', connecting with the upper and lower portion ofthe steam-dome,

I may connect the blow-off I may provide pipes, as it, Figs. 1 and 4,each consisting of a shorter vertical leg and a longer vertical legconnected by an elbow at their lower ends. The shorter leg is connectedby an elbow to the water-leg F and the longer leg terminates in thesteam-dome B. The water is thus circulated through the return-pipes 70,being exposed to the heat of the chamber G, as in the case of pipes t'.I may use one or more of these pipes, either alone or in connection withpipes like t. I may provide pipes, as on, located in thecombustion-chamber and terminating above in the steam-dome, andconnected below with the water-leg F, so that the water passing throughthe pipes m will be exposed to the heat in the combustion-chamber.

It is desirable to use a series of pipes 70, or a series of pipes m, orboth series, and to connect some of the pipes of the series to thewater-leg at lower points than the others to secure a circulation ofwater through said pipes, for if all were connected at the same heightthe circulation would be sluggish or entirely lacking. I find that waterwill flow downwardly from the dome B through the longest pipe-11 e., theone having the lowest connection with the water-leg-and upwardly throughthe other pipes.

WVhen the improvements are applied to a system of hot-water heating, thepipes, conduit, and chamber B would, as is evident, be entirely filledwith water in circulation through the same.

The conduit can be adapted to any form of boiler for generating steam,or to any hotwater heater.

My invention is not limited to a series or plurality of horizontalpartitioned pipes 2, as in small heaters one horizontal pipe may be usedwith good results; neither do I limit myself to the connection of thehorizontal pipes to the vertical pipes, so that the horizontal pipesproject in opposite directions from the vertical pipe. Fig. 5 shows amodification in which a horizontal pipe 2 is connected to a verticalpipe, so that it projects from one side only of the latter. In this casethe entire volume of water passing through the vertical pipe will passthrough the one horizontal pipe, instead of being divided and flowing inopposite directions through two oppositely-projecting horizontal pipesor sections.

It is obvious that this improvement may be used with gas as a fuel, theflame being directed against the pipes of the conduit.

I claim 1. In a steam-generating or hot-water circulating apparatus, thecombination of the fire-box or furnace, a hot-water or steam receptacleadjoining the sa-me, a conduit or receptacle for return-water, a seriesof substantially horizontal pipes of small diameter internallysubdivided into lower and upper flues or passages by horizontaldiaphragms, a series of vertical pipe sections or couplings. also of icesmall diameter, connecting the horizontal pipes, the said horizontalpipes and the connections between them being located in the fire-box andconstituting a conduit for the passage of small streams of water throughthe fire-box, and pipes connecting the lower and upper ends of saidconduit, respectivelyavith the return-water conduit or receptacle andthe hot-water or steam receptacle, as set forth.

2. In a steam or hot-water heating apparatus, the combination, with thefire-box or furnace and the steam or water circulating system, includinga return-pipe I, and a re ceptacle B, located over the firebox, of aWater-conduit extending from said return-pipe to the receptacle Bthrough the fire-box, said

